The topic of sexual orientation Essay Example for Free

The topic of sexual orientation Essay The topic of sexual orientation has been attracting controversy for the past couple of years. In the past, it was even considered as taboo to talk about sexuality. However, times have changed. Now there are many television shows that feature openly gay men and thousands are watching. This paper aims to discuss how sexual orientation as a notion came into being and how it was viewed through different cultures in history. What does the phrase â€Å"sexual orientation† mean? The American Psychological Association defines the phrase as such: â€Å"Sexual Orientation is an enduring emotional, romantic, sexual or affectional attraction to another person†¦Sexual Orientation exists along a continuum that ranges from exclusive homosexuality to exclusive heterosexuality and includes various forms of bisexuality (qtd. in Tremblay and Ramsay 1). † This is a specific definition. However, it poses a problem. These terms are relatively new. It can help define sexual orientation at present, but it does not address the sexual issues of the past. The terms homosexuality and heterosexuality did not exist before; it was not until recently that these words came to being. Therefore, to further expound on the history of sexuality, one must not refer to these labels. In Ancient Greece, a relation between an adult male and young boy exists, but that does not mean they are homosexuals. Michel Foucault, who wrote three volumes of The History of Sexuality, has this to say: â€Å"It makes no sense to say homosexuality was tolerated by the Greeks†¦our division of sexual behavior between homo-and heterosexuality is absolutely not relevant (363). † The dichotomy of heterosexuality and homosexuality did not exist in ancient times; what they practiced was merely a normal part of their lives. This practice is called pederasty: â€Å"a relationship and bond between an adolescent boy and an adult man outside of his immediate family (â€Å"Pederasty in Ancient Greece† 1). † It also generally refers to â€Å"erotic love between adolescents and adult men (â€Å"Pederasty in Ancient Greece† 1). † This relation, however, varied in different places. Some places had both boy and man living together as a couple, while some did not allow it at all (â€Å"Pederasty in Ancient Greece† 1). This practice was known to have begun as a method to control population, along with the delay of marriage and the seclusion of women (â€Å"Pederasty in Ancient Greece† 1). Pederasty also has socio-political aspects as well. For starters, the boy-man relation is crucial in the educational system. It is the adult male’s responsibility to supervise his education or he could teach him himself. Pederasty had also come to function as â€Å"the introduction of the young man into adult society and adult responsibilities (â€Å"Pederasty in Ancient Greece† 1). † Furthermore, the relation is beneficial for the boy and his family since being under the influence of an older man can advance one’s social status. A man’s experience of being mentored by many influential men in his youth would be a testament to his good looks and would further his social standing (â€Å"Pederasty in Ancient Greece† 1). Pederasty also has a political advantage. Aside from the relation being crucial for democracy, it was another method used to curb crimes. This is because when an adolescent boy commits a crime, it is his lover who is punished, not him. Therefore, pederasty not only benefited the two parties involved, but the state as well. Seventeenth century Western society had presented a different view on sexuality (â€Å"The History of Sexuality† 1). Back then, the pervading notion was that of a repressed sexuality. It was taboo to speak about it, somehow sexuality in general became forbidden. However, Foucault begs to differ. The repression we refer to has resulted in a preoccupation with sexuality. A discourse was created about and around it, and the term sexuality itself became a result of discourse (â€Å"The History of Sexuality† 1). This discourse then lead to the creation of the â€Å"sexual identities and multiplicity of sexualities (â€Å"The History of Sexuality†1). † According to Foucault, there are two views of sexuality. The first view is â€Å"ars erotica†, or erotic art. In places like Japan, China and India, sex is an art form and a sacred experience. It was not spoken openly about because it was considered too sacred for discussion. Take the Kama Sutra, for example. It embodied sexual intercourse as an artistic and pleasurable experience. The other view is â€Å"scientia sexualis,† or the science of sexuality. As opposed to the first one, this view required open discussions about sex. Foucault refers to it as a period of confession. The society became a confessing society; everything from innermost thoughts, desires, and dreams were revealed. This whole business of revelation brought about psychoanalysis, which was considered â€Å"the legitimization of sexual confession (â€Å"The History of Sexuality† 1). † Homosexuality only came to the fore because of the need for confession. It presupposes that â€Å"there seems to be a compulsion to reveal one’s sexuality to confirm its existence in our society (â€Å"The History of Sexuality†1). † The nineteenth century further legitimized the science of sexuality. Since it became a legitimate science, it was dealt with logically, and any unnatural leanings resulted in labels or distinctions. The distinction of being a homosexual then appeared. According to Foucault, â€Å"The homosexual of the 19th century became a person: a past, a history, an adolescence, a personality, a life style; also a morphology, with an indiscreet anatomy and possibly a mystical physiology. Nothing of his full personality escapes his sexuality (qtd in â€Å"The History of Sexuality†1). † As time went by, more and more distinctions are made. The term ‘homosexual’ referred to same-sex attractions, ‘heterosexual’ came to denote opposite sex attractions, while ‘bisexual’ came to distinguish those with varying degrees of attractions to either gender (Tremblay and Ramsay1). Thus, the existence of one’s sexual orientation came to being. The 20th century brought problems to those distinctions. The American Psychiatric Association and American Psychological Association considered homosexuality as a mental disorder, and this created quite a heated debate between homosexuals and professionals. It was not until the 1970s when the label was removed, due to the insistent demands of those who were targeted by the mental health professionals (Tremblay and Ramsay 1). On the other hand, many of the mental health experts did not even consider homosexuality was a mental disorder. Billings described sexual orientation as â€Å"a continuous characteristic of human populations (qtd. in Tremblay and Ramsay 1). † It is safe to presume from this definition that sexual orientation is not fixed; it can change through time. At present, the topic of sexuality has been more open, and different sexual orientations can mingle within the same sphere. This is not to say the homosexuals have been accepted by all; there still are cases of hate crimes and discrimination still exists. However, there is more tolerance now for homosexuality than before. Take for example, the celebrities of Hollywood. In recent years, more and more celebrities are coming out about their sexuality. This means that the cultural landscape has become friendlier to gays and lesbians. Moreover, pop culture has exhibited some form of support for this movement, as evident in the increase in number of television shows that feature homosexuals or homosexuality. The list includes Queer Eye for the Straight Guy, Queer as Folk and The Ellen de Generes Show, just to name a few. Sexual orientation as a notion did not exist until recently; therefore, a critical discussion of the history of sexuality in different cultures is necessary for it to be understood. With the existence of the new distinctions of sexuality, it is now crucial that we should try to respect and understand other people’s sexual orientation. Sensitivity to one’s sexual orientation is needed to develop healthier relationships with people. The world consists of different types of people; that difference should be celebrated, not shunned. Works Cited Foucault, Michel. Foucault Live (Interviews 1966-84). Trans. John Johnson. New York: Semiotext(e), 1996. Pederasty in Ancient Greece. 3 December 2006. Arikah. 21 November 2007 http://www. arikah. com/encyclopedia/Pederasty_in_ancient_Greece. The History of Sexuality-About Foucault. N. d. The Ipce Web Site. 21 November 2007 http://www. ipce. info/ipceweb/Library/history_of_sexuality. htm. Tremblay, Pierre, and Richard Ramsay. The Social Construction of Male Homosexuality and Related Suicide Problems: Research Proposals for the Twenty First Century. N. p. :University of Calgary, 2000.

Essay --

I think that beliefs and behavior are connected. What we believe can and does determine how we behave. Beliefs are thoughts and concepts that we hold to be true and behavior is the action taken. I do not feel that children should be taught to be ashamed of their beliefs or behavior unless it is harmful to others or against the law. But, who determines what responsible beliefs and behaviors are? Let’s examine this further by looking at a few arguments involving Pascal’s wager, leap of faith and existentialism. I would like to explain my point of view by using religion and faith to answer this question. Firstly, let us discuss the argument of faith vs. reason. Faith and reason will always be in conflict with one another, especially between the non-believers and the believers of the Christian faith. According to French mathematician Blaise Pascal, there is no rational proof for God’s existence. Pascal, however, argued that it is justifiable to believe in God if you assume he does exist. Let us imagine that God does exist but you get external punishment all because you did not believe i...

Do Financial Management Decisions Influence Firm Value? Essay

Financial management decision-making consists of techniques, tools and procedures that a company or individual uses to gather ideas, evaluate options and select the best outcomes, depending on internal and external factors. A firm’s leadership may ask department heads, segment chiefs and accounting managers to provide input in financial decision-making processes. There are three main financial management decisions which are: * Capital budgeting Capital budgeting is a required managerial tool. According Brunel, R. (2009) one duty of a financial manager is to choose investments with satisfactory cash flows and rates of return. Therefore, a financial manager must be able to decide whether an investment is worth undertaking and be able to choose intelligently between two or more alternatives. To do this, a sound procedure to evaluate, compare, and select projects is needed. * Capital structure The Modigliani–Miller theorem states that, in the absence of taxes, bankruptcy costs, and asymmetric information, and in an efficient market, a company’s value is unaffected by how it is financed, regardless of whether  the company’s capital consists of equities or debt, or a combination of these, or what the dividend policy is. The theorem is also known as the capital structure principle. There are two main questions when looking at the capital structure – 1) How much money do we need to borrow to buy this long-term asset? 2) What are the least expensive sources of funds for the firm? * Working capital management The goal of working capital management is to ensure that a firm is able to continue its operations and that it has sufficient ability to satisfy both maturing short-term debt and upcoming operational expenses. Any decision undertaken by the firm in one area has its impact on other areas as well. For example acceptance of an investment proposal by a firm affects its capital structure and capital budgeting decision as well. So these decision are inter-related and should be taken jointly so that financial decision is optimal. All the financial decision have ultimately to achieve the firm’s goal of maximisation of shareholders wealth. Burberry, one of the famous designer brands in the world was started by a 21 year old draper’s apprentice, Thomas Burberry. This all started with small outfitter’s shop in Basingstoke, Hampshire, England (The Telegraph 2011). Burberry gained popularity during the First World Was when it won the contract to supply trench coats to the British army. Later on, Burberry was also won by Humphrey Bogart in Casablanca, Audrey Hepburn in Breakfast at Tiffany and Peter Sellers in the Pink Panther. Burberry’s main mission was to sell Britishness to the world (Friedman 2011). * 2008/2009/2010 Financial reports The Annual Report of Burberry for the year of 2008, states that revenue of of  £995m, up 18% on an underlying basis, 17 % reported. Exchange rates reduce revenue by  £12m. Final dividend of 8.65p per share giving 12.0p for the full year, as the payout ratio is moved progressively towards 40%. The following graph shows the Total Shareholder Return (‘TSR’) for Burberry Group plc compared to the companies in the FTSE 100 Index assuming Ј100 was invested on 31 March 2003. The FTSE 100 Index has been selected because Burberry’s market capitalisation is close to that of companies at the lower end of the FTSE 100 Index. For the year of 2009 Burberry had a 15 per cent rise in sales to  £380m. The company said retail sales were up 17 per cent with strong comparable store sales growth, greater full-price sell through of the winter collection as significantly lower inventory going into the last quarter. Burberry’s wholesale revenue was up 11per cent, driven by more frequent deliveries and full year dividend maintained at 12p per share. Angela Ahrendts, Chief Executive Officer, commented: â€Å"2008/09 was one of the most challenging years the luxury sector has ever faced, especially in the second half. Against this background, Burberry grew revenue to  £1.2bn.† The results for the 2010 are that the total revenue up 24% underlying (up 30% reported), Retail sales up 16% underlying (up 21% reported). Wholesale revenue up 46% underlying (up 51% reported) in smallest quarter. After reading and analyzing the financial reports for the past three years, we found three working capital oriented decision made: 1. Investments in market expansion in Middle East (UAE), China and Japan- The achievement of Burberry to enter the China market was the main highlight in the period of 2010/11. Japan offers challenging consumer environment not only to Burberry Group PLC but to many other companies decided to be successful in this market. With the opportunity to make improvements to its leading license agreement, Burberry developed its long-term tactical options in Japan. Through the effort executing the core approach Burberry have reached strong financial results. â€Å"Total revenue grew 7% to  £1.3 bn. Retail performed well, increasing revenue 19% on a 7% comparable store sales gain. Licensing increased 18% with a decline in Japan offset by growth in global product licenses and favorable exchange rate movements.†(2009/10) The achievement of Burberry to enter the China market was the main highlight in the period of 2010/11. Burberry have obtained 50 stores in 30 towns for about  £65 m. Sales in emerging markets were up 45per cent in the past six months .The entering on the China market brought to the company opportunity to develop in the fastest growing luxury market in the world. Since the acquisition ten new stores were opened. Retailing and inventory initiatives have effectively driven efficiency in open stores, with comparative store sales up about 30 % in the second half of the year. 2. Investments for improvement of the overall outlook of the company –  renovating the stores and employing online shopping system- Emphasize profitability over revenue growth. In 2009/10, the significantly slowed buyer environment pressured gross margin and expense structure with a leveraged unfavorable effect on income. To capitalize on gross margin, trade teams continued to reduce range sizes across category. This resulted in more focused assortments leading to enhanced sourcing efficiencies, more consistent in-store presentation and improved sell-through rates. The teams also revised mark-down policies to capitalize on the less seasonal elements of the collections. Retail/wholesale gross margin increased from 52.1% in 2008/09 to 59.7% in 2009/10. â€Å"Pre-tax profits were up by 50 per cent to  £118m and total revenues increased by 21pc, in the six months to the end of September.† This led to boost of Burberry’s dividend by 43pc to 5p. Angela Ahrendts have brought to the company ascend of share price more than 130p. Leveraging the instrument in systems and planning expertise, the Group enhanced inventory management in the year. Inventory levels were cut down 36% year over year. The status of the Burberry Group as a leader in the digital world was further improved with the autumn 2010 show, which in addition to live streaming over the internet, was screen in 3D in five cities all over the globe and let customers to acquire and look through runaway items straight for accelerated delivery- both firsts in the luxury segment. The rollout of the new Burberry.com web page launched in the fourth quarter of 2010/11. The web page was available live in six languages and transactional across 45 countries all over the world by the year end. And: 3. Strict employee payment schemes, bonuses for big sale quantities. Elements of remuneration In economics and finance decisions the principal-agent problem treats the difficulties that arise under conditions when an employee is hired, and there is a conflict of interest and moral hazard. One of the decisions that Burberry shareholders take to overall this problem is with bonus shames. Remuneration is planned such that for executive directors and other senior managers, performance-related elements represent the majority of total possible remuneration. The Group gears its remuneration policy with  providing of the following elements: Base salary The Group intentions to provide salaries which are competitive with those of comparable roles at global companies of a related size and global reach within the luxury goods sector. These companies are representative of Burberry’s participants for executive talent. When bearing in mind the salary, the Board considers not only competitive firms decision, but also what the contribution to the business is and the overall performance through the year. Annual bonus Each year the Board make bonus targeting by reference to internal and external expectations Bonuses are currently based on effectiveness and presentation against Group strategic and individual points of overall contribution to the business. The Committee have confidence in linking incentives to profitability helps to reinforce the Group’s strategy and long-term growth purposes. Targets are severely regulated by Kepler using benchmarks that contains broker earnings estimates for Burberry and its competitors, targets for productivity consistent with median/upper quartile shareholder returns, latest plans for the then current year, budget, strategic plan, long-term financial goals, etc. Actual bonus awards are subject to the discretion of the Board. Service agreements Angela Ahrendts relocated from the US to the UK and commenced her employment with Burberry as an executive director on 9 January 2006 Under a service contract dated 10 October 2005. She was appointed Chief Executive Officer on 1 July 2006. Now she is the chief executive of Burberry and she led the best performing company in the FTSE 100 index for year 2009.Burberry paid Ahrendts a total of  £3.2m, positioning her between the’’ upper middle’’ of the FTSE 100 index for total remuneration. Her pay packet contained a base salary of  £910,000 and a maximum cash bonus of 200 % of that salary, together with other ‘’allowances’’ Burberry made Angela Ahrendts a shareholder by motivating her to make an even better performance. One of the examples of her brilliant decisions was that Ahrendts quickly recognise that the franchise model would in the end disaster the company’s hopes of  restoring and maintaining its premium rating, and has spent much of her tenancy buying back the licenses, often taking a generous hit to the lowest line in the short term as a result. Bibliography 1. Burberry Annual Report 2007/2008 , [Online] from http://smartpdf.blacksunplc.com/burberry2007-08ara/Burberry_2007-08_AnnualReport.pdf [Accessed: 02 December 2011] 2. Burberry Annual Report 2009/2010, [Online] from http://smartpdf.blacksunplc.com/burberry2009-10ara/ [Accessed: 03 December 2011] 3. Burberry- Financial news 2008/2009, [Online] from http://www.burberryplc.com/bbry/newsrel/finnews/2009/2009-05-19/ [Accessed: 02 December 2011] 4. Burberry Annual Report 2010/2011, [Online] from http://201011.annualreport.burberry.com/ [Accessed: 03 December 2011] 5. Burberry Group PLC- Business profile, [Online] from http://markets.ft.com/research/Markets/Tearsheets/Business-profile?s=BRBY:LSE [Accessed: 01 December 2011] 6. Burberry- Financial news, FIRST QUARTER TRADING UPDATE AND INTERIM MANAGEMENT STATEMENT, [Online] from http://www.burberryplc.com/bbry/newsrel/finnews/2010/2010-07-13/ [Accessed: 02 December 2011] 7. Burberry’s sales rocket 15 percent, [Online] from http://www .fashionunited.co.uk/news/leads/burberrys-sales-rocket-15-per-cent-201001208062 [Accessed: 02 December 2011] 8. Burberry- Strategy and mission, [Online] from http://www.burberryplc.com/bbry/corporateprofile/strmis/ [Accessed: 03 December 2011] 9. Financial Management – Meaning, Objectives and Functions, [Online] from http://www.managementstudyguide.com/financial-management.htm [Accessed: 01 December 2011] 10. Luxury brands: should you buy the shares? [Online] from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/investing/shares/8169322/Luxury-brands-should-you-buy-the-shares.html [Accessed: 09 December 2011] 11. The Financial Management Decision Process, [Online] from http://www.oppapers.com/essays/Financial-Management-Decision-Process/118408 [Accessed: 01 December 2011] 12. The Relationship Between Financial Decision Making & Risk & Return, [Online] from

Marketing and Converse - 4038 Words

MARKETING MANAGEMENT ICA 1 PROJECT TITLE: Converse Table of Content Table of Content 1 Executive Summary 2 Company Profile 2 SWOT Analysis 3 Marketing Offer and Philosophy 4 Target Customer Segment(s) and their Needs / Demands 5 Competitors Analysis 5 Marketing Strategies (4Ps) 7 Strengths Weakness of Marketing Strategies 8 Recommendations / Suggestions for Improvements 9 Conclusion 9 Appendices 11 Executive Summary Included in the company profile is the information obtained with regards to organization. Next, the SWOT analysis is done on the internal factors such as the strength, weaknesses, and external factors like the opportunities and threat faced by Converse. There is also†¦show more content†¦Many power lifters state the lack of elevation in the heel provides better support during squats and Dead lifts. Moreover, the lack of elevation reduces the range of motion during the dead lift; often allowing more weight to be lifted by shortening the distance the barbell must be moved. They are also popular among Kettle bell and Olympic weight lifters for the same reasons. Weaknesses Converse has fewer product lines as compared to their competitors, which means they are limited to only a small segment of customers. Soccer can be considered one of the most popular sports in the world and so there is a great demand for soccer boots. Although Converse is a sports brand, it did not capitalize on this point hence losing a big market share to the others. Opportunities Fans of punk rock have adopted the sneakers as a fashion trend in the late 1970s and many popular punk rock bands have supported the trend by wearing them. Recently there has been a re-adoption of them in modern Punk Rock and ‘emo’ fashion. They have appeared in numerous films and videogames, as well as TV shows. Originally seen as being worn by those in to a rock music scene, the market is growing to various, younger scenes,Show MoreRelatedConverse: We Love You, Chucks! Marketing Case1711 Words   |  7 Pages| Converse: | We Love You, Chucks! | Molly Langan 3/25/2009 | Situation Analysis Converse was founded in 1908 and by 1917 the All Star shoes were introduced on the market as an American made product. In 1923 the shoes were renamed the Chuck Taylor, after the semiprofessional basketball player. By 1970, eighty percent of basketball players wore Converse shoes out on the court. In 1983 their revenue was $209 million. Converse faced a lot of competition, and in 1989 they only held five percentRead MoreConverse Hits the Shoe Industry1602 Words   |  6 Pages1908 Marquis Mills Converse opened the Converse Rubber Shoe Company in Malden, Massachusetts. The manufacturing company made rubber shoe, providing winter rubber soled footwear for men, women, and children. By 1910, Converse was creating 4,000 shoes daily, but it was not until 1915 that the company began making athletic shoes for sports. In 1917 Converse All-Star basketball shoe was introduced. Then in 1921, a basketball player named Charles H. Chuck Taylor walked into Converse complaining of soreRead MoreConverse case study1357 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Ning Zhang Intro to Marketing(MKT333) Ms. Susan Carder Dec. 20th 2014 Case Study#3 Converse 1. How would you define the needs, wants, and demands of the Converse customer? Needs lead to wants, wants lead to demands, demands lead to perception. Consumers want stylish shoes, so they demand that they be affordable. A need is a state of deprivation, and some needs according to Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs are more crucial than others, in this case Converse customers need shoes to protect their feetRead MoreOutsourcing Practices of Adidas, Converse, Nike, and Reebok1079 Words   |  4 PagesOutsourcing Practices of Adidas, Converse, Nike and Reebok Introduction Apparel and shoe manufacturers continued to offload the more costly yet easily replicated part so their business models to concentrate on brand building, marketing, sales and attaining greater distribution channels globally. These are the pressures all apparel and shoe manufacturers face, and it is particularly challenging in the athletic show industry (Kynge, 2009). Adidas, Converse, Nike and Reebok have been outsourcingRead MoreConverse : More Than Just Shoes1640 Words   |  7 PagesConverse: More than just shoes The Chuck Taylor or Converse as everyone knows them, are everlasting icons of American culture. Everyone wears chucks from James Dean in the 60’s to Michelle Obama now. The range of owners of converse is astounding. The range of use in converse is amazing. The Chuck Taylor has been named one of the most influential shoes of all time. Sixty percent of all Americans have owned a pair of Chuck Taylors at least once in their lives. (History) Converse was founded in 1908Read MoreConverse Inc Campaign in Kuala Lumpur, Penang and Johor1088 Words   |  4 PagesConverse Inc. is a designer, distributor and marketer of high-performance and casual athletic footwear and apparel for men, women and children. The Companys products primarily include athletic footwear distinguished by its sports classics, sports performance and sports lifestyle product categories. The sports classics footwear category includes the Chuck Taylor All Star, the Jack Purcell tennis shoe, the One Star court shoe and other authentic heritage products. The sports performance footwear categoryRead MoreThe American Marketing Association ( Ama )993 Words   |  4 Pages Introduction According to the definition from the American Marketing Association (AMA), a brand is a name, term, sign or combination of them intended to identify goods and services of one or a group of sellers and distinguish it from competitors. Brands play different roles in the lives of individuals (Ajgaonkar, 2012). But the roles they play depends on the individual (Kardes et. al, 2011), due to the fact that we are not all the same. According to Belk (1988), an individual may useRead MoreNikes Approach To Compete International Case Study1234 Words   |  5 Pagessince the 1960s. They are manufacturing in 42 countries; however, their marketing focus has not been on the international market, until recently, when they adopted Adidas’ strategy. Nike has laid the groundwork and has the network to move their merchandise; thus, they need to implement local marketing based on the customers’ needs and desires. A strategic part of their corporate governance is their test marketers, their marketing teams, and their research and development teams; moreover, it is likelyRead MoreA Brief Note On Effective Social Media Marketing Essay995 Words   |  4 PagesEffective Social Media Marketing in 5 Easy Steps By Lori A Manns | Submitted On December 30, 2015 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Lori A Manns Social media is here to stay. As an entrepreneurRead MoreNike and What It Does to Third World Countrys1726 Words   |  7 PagesThe Manufacturing Practices of the Footwear Industry: Nike vs. the Competition The current manufacturing practices of the sneaker industry, in particular companies such as Nike, Reebok, Adidas, Converse, and New Balance, takes place throughout the globe. With the industry experiencing severe competition, and the product requiring intensive labour, firms are facing extreme pressure to increase their profit margins through their sourcing practices. The following paper

The Community Health Outreach Session Utilizing Automated...

Briefly explain the behavior change you are hoping to facilitate among your target audience and explain the key benefits for the target audience to change their behavior. The community health outreach session utilizing automated blood pressure cuff should increase the individual s health awareness and self-confident. As the behavioral changes, hope to target is to reduce CVD morbidity through health awareness. Since culture, culture sensitivity and communication barriers are alleviated through a native sign language user, this should increase CVD health awareness, and health literacy in hope to increase life expectancy of a DHOH person (WHO, 2015). The key benefit of the behavioral changes is to exploit the Social Cognitive Theory [SCT] by providing groups and/or individualized support health consultant. The goal of the community outreach is to recruit the DHOH clients to receive ongoing health consultants support via telehealth videophone (Wilson Wells, 2009; University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, 2015; Sorensen ntouch, 2015) or in person consultation. To measure and correct behavioral changes, self-efficacy from the SCT model stud y design will carry out quantitative pre- post test questionnaires (Glanz, Rimer, Viswanath, 2008; Resnick Siegel, 2013; Creswell, 2010). Briefly describe potential stakeholders, community leaders, collaborative partners, or gate-keepers who may help you disseminate the message and encourage behavior change. In

The Study of Human Behavior in Given Situations - 1613 Words

Psychology is a social science study that covers diverse subject topics and carries out different forms of research in order to understand the development and function of human beings. It is a scientific study that focuses on peoples mind and its functions especially those affecting behavior in a particular context. Psychology is divided into different branches, and each branch addresses its own form of content in relation to mental processes and behavior. Social psychology is one of the psychology branches. This subdiscipline focuses on individuals and their thoughts. Experts in this field of study focus on why an individual acts as well as reacts the way he/she does. It studies the interaction between people, but the focus is on one†¦show more content†¦The study is significant because of its information content. History of Social Psychology Social psychology is not a new venture in science. It has been there ever since the late 1890s. Then, psychologists were concerned about it because they wanted to know the different aspects of human nature. The early influencers of this subject are Aristotle, Plato, Hegel, Lazarus and Steinthal. This aspect of psychology started being differentiated when Aristotle believed that people were naturally sociable, which is related to the individual centered approach. On the other hand, Plato alleged that the society controlled people and it also encouraged social responsibility mostly through social context, which is concerned with the socio-centered approach. Hegel then brought in the concept that society has obligatory associations with the development of the social mind. This aspect is the rationale behind the notion of group mind, which is crucial in the study of social psychology. In 1860s, Steinthal and Lazarus wrote about the influences of Anglo-European, which led to the emergence of volkerpsychologie, a concept that focuses on the collective mind. The notions that personality develops due to cultural and community influences were exposed. This idea revealed that there is a relation between social thought and behavior leading toShow MoreRelatedZimbardo Research Paper1029 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Zimbardo Research Paper Leslie Massey PSYCH/620 01/22/2015 Professor Sharon McNelly Zimbardo Research Paper The Stanford Prison Experiment was a study conducted in 1971 by Dr. Phillip Zimbardo. According to Dr. Steve Taylor (2007), â€Å"It’s probably the best known psychological study of all time.† (Classic Studies in Psychology, 2007). Zimbardo stated that the point was to see what would happen if he put â€Å"really good people in a bad place† (Dr. Zimbardo, 2007). He did this duringRead MoreThe Stanford Prison Experiment Addressed The Psychology Of Behavior Essay820 Words   |  4 PagesGeneral topic that the article is addressing The Stanford Prison Experiment addressed the psychology of behavior. The experiment specifically addressed the influences of behavior in regards to imprisonment. I recently saw a documentary about the Stanford Prison Experiment and I was shocked that subjects were subjected to such cruelty. The subjects were young intelligent students who likely had never encountered such abuse. Sadly, in the 1970s experiment rules and regulations were severely lackingRead MoreInvestigating The Nature Of Obedience1678 Words   |  7 Pagesordinary people in Germany could obey the immoral commands of the Nazi government and provided the study exploring the mechanisms of human obedience to authorities. Though Milgram’s experiment has provoked a huge amount of criticism, the analysis of internal and external validity, ethical issues, and the contribution of the experiment to modern science reveals the significance of the findings of the study. The experiment was designed to find out to which extent ordinary people are willing to cause painRead MoreThe Lucifer Effect By Philip Zimbardo Essay1043 Words   |  5 PagesThe Lucifer Effect by Philip Zimbardo, presents a significant question regarding the essence of human nature: How is it possible for typical, ordinary or even good natured people to become capable of perpetrating evil? While striving to understand unexpected, or abnormal behaviors, we tend to put our main focus on internal determinants such as genes, character, and personality, simultaneously ignoring external, situational factors that could be the central, critical catalyst for an apparent behavioralRead MoreDispositional, Evolutionary And Evolutionary Theory1283 Words   |  6 Pagesdispositional and evolutionary and biological personality theories their bearing on human behavior. Furthermore, the Big Five personality test and what technique is used to study personality. Difference Facets relating Dispositional, and Evolutionary Theory The premises of dispositional theories fluctuate from those of other theorists because they present the basis of study for personality; Dispositional theorists believe that behavior is significant and adaptive. People don’t merely adapt to their environmentsRead More The Behaviorist and Cognitive Approaches to Psychology Essay1173 Words   |  5 Pagesdogs were given food and after several repetitions of this action, the dogs began to salivate whenever they heard the bell, even when there was not any food there. This approach rejected the idea of the conscious mind. Albert Ellis Aaron T Beck developed the present form of the Cognitive approach to psychology in the 1950’s. This development emerged from a growing dissatisfaction with the narrowness of the behaviorist approach as it neglects complex human activities suchRead MoreInvestigating The Nature Of Obedience1683 Words   |  7 Pagescould obey the immoral commands of the Nazi government and conducted the experiment exploring the mechanisms of human obedience to authorities. Though Milgram’s experiment has provoked a huge amount of criticism, the analysis of internal and external validity, ethical issues, and the contribution of the experiment to modern science reveals the significance of the findings of the study. The experiment was designed to find out to which extent ordinary people are ready to hurt other innocent membersRead MorePatterns and Anomalies in the Construction of Knowldege 1389 Words   |  6 Pagesis a quality or a tendency that forms a consistent arrangement. An anomaly is a deviation from the qualities or tendencies that form a consistent arrangement. In other words an anomaly is a deviation from a pattern. Based on these two definitions given of a pattern and an anomaly, I will be discussing the extent to which I agree with the claim â€Å"All knowledge depends on the recognition of patterns and anomalies† with reference to two areas of knowledge. In doing this I will be looking at the circumstancesRead MorePsychology1731 Words   |  7 PagesStructuralism- the first school of thought headed by Wilhelm Wundt, a German, and later by E.B. Titchener started in 1879 when experimental psychology was gaining more incentive. The structuralists, as they called themselves, t hought of psychology as the study of conscious experience. They started components experience. They started that all complex substances could be analyzed through their component elements. They held that elementary mental states such as sensations, images and feelings form the structureRead MoreBehaviorism s Theory Of Psychology983 Words   |  4 Pages1970). However, behaviorism holds the subject matter of human psychology it focus on the behavior or activities of the human being. Etymology The word behaviorism originates from the Middle French word behavior, meaning the observable activity in human and animal. This term was coined in 1913 by the United States psychologist John B. Watson. Many of the concepts of analysis of behavior can be traced back to Pavlov. Pavlov focused on the behavior of animals. History of Behaviorism The history of

Computer Information System Social Media and Networking

Question: Discuss the facebook as a social network, advantages and disadvantages of facebook, advantages and disadvantages of Ello and technical features of experience project? Answer: Introduction Social media and social networking sites has had a tremendous amount of positive as well as negative impacts on our culture, business, politics, entertainment and what not. Social networking sites are the most popular and most visited websites on the Internet. Not many people are left in the world that does not use any of the social networking sites available on the internet (Duggan and Brenner, 2013). Since Facebook has achieved such a huge popularity and acceptance among social networkers, lots of other networking websites have evolved and came into spotlight such as Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram, Ello and many more. Each of these websites has something unique to offer to its users. For example, Facebook is especially known for connecting friends and family living all across the globe. Ello specializes in giving an ad-free environment for socializing. Whereas, Experience Project is dedicated to giving a platform to its users for sharing their personal experiences, stories, confessio ns, articles and blogs with others. Findings and Analysis Facebook as a Social Network: Facebook was introduced by Mark Zuckerberg in February 2004 as a means of connecting with fellow students, colleagues, and relatives. Today, it has over 64 million active users participating and socializing all across the world. : Facebook offers a single platform where people can discover what is going on around the world, upload and share photos, videos and express their thoughts. What Facebook Offers: As a social networking website, Facebook is available on the internet in 37 distinct languages. It allows the users to create a personalized profile where they can upload their pictures and provide various levels of personal details according to their preference. They can keep in touch with friends and relatives by sending private messages or posting on their walls or timelines. It has experienced rapid growth in terms of many users and site development (Hampton, Goulet, Rainie and Purcell, 2011). As a marketplace: Facebook is used as a marketplace to post advertisements. Members read and respond to classified ads. Groups or communities: Facebook allows users to form groups and include members having a specific common interest so that they can interact, share news and discuss on that subject. Events: Members can publish an event, invite guests, give relevant information as well as keep track of how many people are attending the event. Public pages: Facebook offers to create, promote and publicize pages dedicated to a particular topic, or a celebrity or a book or movie, etc. Technical features of Facebook: Online Chat: This feature of Facebook allows the users to view which of their contacts are online and available to chat or instant messaging. Apps: Facebook provides a lot of built-in apps for users such as video games and other entertainment apps in various topics. Recently, Facebook has launched its own Messenger App for Android and iPhone and other smartphone users to introduce personalized online chatting experience in Facebook environment. HTTPS service: Facebook has included the option to browse videos, links and pages in Secure mode so that there is least chance to encounter a virus attack. HTTPS loads all the security components such as login and registration while accessing site elements (Cheung, Chiu and Lee, 2011). Privacy options: Facebook has a wide range of privacy options for its users where they can choose whether their posts will be visible to everyone or a specific group of connections. Facebook focuses on technical scalability and swift performance. It gives a solid and comfortable user experience by implementing some of the smartest technologies with the presence of user-friendly API and application layers. Notifications and News Feed: Facebook supports features that allow receiving instant notifications dynamically without having to refresh and load the entire web page. The News Feed is automatically loaded and populated with information while scrolling down across the page. Advantages and Disadvantages of Facebook: Being one of the most popular social networking website available in the internet, Facebook has some advantages as well as disadvantages. Advantages: Just by creating a profile on Facebook, people can connect and interact with their friends, family and relatives without any physical barriers as well as make new friends. Facebook gives a huge platform to introduce and expand a business by connecting to everyone, promote their products, build a good relationship with customers as well as receive customer reviews and feedbacks for better customer service. Facebook fan pages can gain brand value for businesses (Doreian and Stokman, 2013). Facebook is a source of news and information. It is a pool of knowledge filled with latest news and updates from various aspects. By subscribing or liking a page, it is possible to gather all kinds of news and info all around the globe. Video chatting: Facebook provides personal video chatting experience incorporated within it. It can also be used a photo and video hosting site, store collection of albums and download anytime. Disadvantages: The most significant disadvantage of Facebook is it gives people the chance to create more than one profile at a time; as a result it is filled with lots of fake profiles mostly created by stalkers. These fake profiles can be used for bad purposes and cause unethical issues. Moreover, youngsters fall victim to these fake profiles and make friends with them which can bring a lot of troubles if they attempt to trust them. Another disadvantage is people tend to get addicted and spend too much time using Facebook as it has so many ways to know what their friends are up to, engage so many varieties of entertainment and game applications. Ello as a Social Network: Ello is a social networking website with no advertisements. Ello has been termed as the New Facebook, anti-Facebook ad-free social network and lots more. The uniqueness that distinguishes Ello from any other social networking site is its promise of never selling information to third parties and providing an ad-free alternative (Hampton, Goulet, Rainie and Purcell, 2011). What Ello Offers: Invitations: Ello is exclusive in its ways. It provides memberships to its users. It is invite-only. Interested people need to find out someone who uses Ello or request an invite in their site. Real name policy: Unlike Facebook, Ello allows their users to use any name they want. It does not necessarily have to be their real name. Ello uses a simple design for its website. Paul Budnitzs had an innovative idea that completely differs with the main idea behind Facebook. Ello is made for artists and not for everyone. It is artsy and minimalist. It provides all the facilities of social networking minus the overflow of silly status updates every second and pop-up ads (Lin and Lu, 2011). Technical features of Ello: Account set-up: Ello just needs an email address to set up an account. Birth date or other details like gender are not required. Friends and Noise: it is a cool feature to divide people into two groups. Ello limits updates from noisy ones. Privacy: Ello offers a more promising privacy setting than Facebook. User information is not given to third parties. It has limited invitations and users can maintain anonymity. Advantages and Disadvantages of Ello: Advantages: Ello is achieving success at an early stage due to the innovative idea behind it. Ello does not treat users as products. Most social networking sites track user activities and record them to show more relevant ads in future. But Ello does not do that. Disadvantages: Ello is still in beta testing, so bugs are expected. Moreover, it promises to remain ad-free for life and free of cost to the users but to collect revenues Ello offers to add special features to a user account with an exchange for a small fee. One of its major drawbacks is many people do not yet use it. Everyone is still more familiar with Facebook and Twitter. Moreover, it does not let people find a specific person unless they know their user names. Experience Project as a Social Network: Experience Project is all about sharing personal stories and life experiences. It is built around anonymity. It offers various online groups and communities where the members can submit their confessions and experiences. What Experience Project Offers: Users are allowed to start a story and upload photos as a typical tool for socializing where people can recognize themselves for what they have done. Experience Project has a lot of negative as well as positive experiences (Thuseethan and Kuhanesan, 2014). It revolves around the experiences and ideas of members. Technical features of Experience Project: This site includes following features: Blogs, confessions: Allows writing personal blogs and anonymous confessions. Trivia games: it allows users to play trivia games. Has a search option to look for songs matching a particular mood. It also has features to add friends and private chatting. Experience Project is presently used by more than 15 million people. Advantages and Disadvantages of Experience Project: It allows discovering people with similar stories and similar interests. Members with the same list of experience are connected automatically (Wang and Amin, 2013). Many people seek help and look for advice and suggestions online through this site. With this site, people have the freedom to share their views and express their thoughts to others and connect with people having common stories. A lot of negative experiences can be seen on this website such as people who are battling depression or a divorce, but the idea around which this site was built serves its purposes correctly. Conclusion Todays world is driven by social media and social networking. It is the modern form of socializing. Each of these websites has something different to offer. Although a lot of people who are tired of using Facebook switched to Ello for a change, Facebook is still going on with the highest number of users active on their site (Wodzicki, Schwmmlein, and Moskaliuk, 2012). A person can use all these sites for different purposes that they are designed to serve. To conclude, social media is still rising and has evolved to become an inevitable part of modern citizens. Reference List Brown, V. R., Vaughn, E. D. (2011). The writing on the (Facebook) wall: The use of social networking sites in hiring decisions.Journal of Business and Psychology,26(2), 219-225. Cheung, C. M., Chiu, P. Y., Lee, M. K. (2011). Online social networks: why do students use Facebook?.Computers in Human Behavior,27(4), 1337-1343. Doreian, P., Stokman, F. (Eds.). (2013).Evolution of social networks. Routledge. Duggan, M., Brenner, J. (2013).The demographics of social media users, 2012(Vol. 14). Washington, DC: Pew Research Center's Internet American Life Project. Duggan, M., Smith, A. (2013). Social media update 2013.Pew Internet and American Life Project. Hampton, K., Goulet, L. S., Rainie, L., Purcell, K. (2011). Social networking sites and our lives.Retrieved July 12, 2011 from. Hayes, M., van Stolk-Cooke, K., Muench, F. (2015). Understanding Facebook use and the psychological affects of use across generations.Computers in Human Behavior,49, 507-511. Lin, K. Y., Lu, H. P. (2011). Why people use social networking sites: An empirical study integrating network externalities and motivation theory.Computers in Human Behavior,27(3), 1152-1161. Lin, K. Y., Lu, H. P. (2011). Why people use social networking sites: An empirical study integrating network externalities and motivation theory.Computers in Human Behavior,27(3), 1152-1161. Thuseethan, S., Kuhanesan, S. (2014). Positive and Negative Impacts of Facebook on University Students: Sri Lankan Perspective.IUP Journal of Information Technology,10(3), 7. Wang, F., Amin, N. (2013). How Facebook impacts on young consumers' decisions on e-retailers. Wodzicki, K., Schwmmlein, E., Moskaliuk, J. (2012). Actually, I Wanted to Learn: Study-related knowledge exchange on social networking sites.The Internet and Higher Education,15(1), 9-14.